This document is aimed to be a guide for implementing and operating traceback solutions across the telecoms industry, including but not limited to, network operators, regulators, enforcement organisations, and consumer representative groups
This document explains the basic mechanisms of international calls and the mechanisms that can be used to detect spoofing with special focus on roaming checks.
This paper describes how telephone numbers are used in a market where telephone numbers are no longer tied to a fixed line or physical device, but are increasingly hosted, routed, and managed in cloud-based environments. It urges regulators to apply numbering rules in a technologically neutral way that supports innovation, cross-border services, and new use cases such as contact centres and AI voice agents.